Southern house mosquito
(Culex quinquefasciatus)

Animalia / Arthropoda / Insecta / Diptera / Culicidae / Culex

Parasitism

Human
(Homo sapiens)

Animalia / Chordata / Mammalia / Primates / Hominidae / Homo

Reference citation:
James Bailey. 2017. Culex quinquefasciatus eating Homo sapiens. iNaturalist.org. Accessed at on 23 Jan 2021.

Source citation:
http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist/archive/8d3e240982f0f68b3da2767abe9b27e5bbfeed41.zip

Reference citation:
James Bailey. 2017. Culex quinquefasciatus eating Homo sapiens. iNaturalist.org. Accessed at on 23 Jan 2021.

Source citation:
http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist/archive/8d3e240982f0f68b3da2767abe9b27e5bbfeed41.zip

Reference citation:
James Bailey. 2017. Culex quinquefasciatus eating Homo sapiens. iNaturalist.org. Accessed at on 23 Jan 2021.

Source citation:
http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist/archive/8d3e240982f0f68b3da2767abe9b27e5bbfeed41.zip

Reference citation:
Martignoni, M.E., and Iwai, P.J., 1986. A Catalogue of Viral Diseases of insects, Mites, and Ticks. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, General Technical Report PNW-195, 4th edition,51 pp.

Source citation:
Sarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Martignoni, M.E. and Iwai, P.J. A catalogue of viral diseases of insects, mites and ticks. Appendix 2 [pp. 899-912] In, H.D. Burges (ed.) Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 1970-1980. London: Academic Press, 1981. 949 pp.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Tanada, Y., and Kaya, H. K. 1993. Insect Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego. 666 pp.

Source archive URL:
millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens

Source DOI:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Sprague, V. 1977. Annotated List of Species of Microsporidia. pp. 31-334. In Bulla, L.A. and Cheng, T.C. [eds.], Comparative Pathobiology V. 2

Reference URL:
Sprague, V., Becnel, J. J., and Hazard, E. I., 1992. Taxonomy of phylum Microspora. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 18(5/6): 285-395. CRC Press, Inc.

Source citation:
Hazard, E. I. and Fukuda, T. 1974. Stempellia milleri sp. n. (Microsporida: Nosematidae) in the mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. J. Protozool. 21:497-504.

Source DOI:
Sarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP.

Reference citation:
Lowe, R.E., Rumbaugh, R.G., and Patterson, R.S., 1968. Entomophthora coronata as a pathogen of mosquitoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 11: 506-507.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Kramer, J. P. 1963. Pathogens of vertebrates and plants as pathogens of their acarine and insect vectors, pp. 251-272 In E. A. Steinhaus, ed., Insect Pathology an Advanced Treatise, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York. 661 pp.

Source archive URL:
millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens

Source DOI:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Hazard, E. I. and Fukuda, T. 1974. Stempellia milleri sp. n. (Microsporida: Nosematidae) in the mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. J. Protozool. 21:497-504.

Reference URL:
Roberts, D. W. and Strand, M. A., 1977. Pathogens of medically important arthropods. Suppl. no. 1, Bull. World Health Org. 55: 419 pp.

Source citation:
Hazard, E. I. and Scanlon, J. E. 1976. Persistence and dispersal of Stempellia milleri (Microsporida: Nosematidae), a protozoan parasite of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Mosq. News 36: 91.

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Murty, M.G., Srinivas, G., and Sekar, V. 1994. Production of a mosquitocidal exotoxin by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 64: 68-70.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Weiser, J., and Prasertphon, S., 1981. Four new microsporidia found in the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from Nigeria. Folia Parasitologica 28: 291-301.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Cooper, R., and Sweeney, A.W., 1982. The comparative activity of the Australian and United State strains of Culicinomyces clavosporus bioassayed in mosquito larvae of three different genera. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 40: 383-387.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Wallace, F. G., 1966. The trypanosomatid parasites of insects and arachnids. Exp. Parasitol. 18: 124-193.

Source archive URL:
millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens

Source DOI:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
FRANCES, S. P. 1991. Pathogenicity, host range and temperature tolerance of Crypticola clavulifera (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) in the laboratory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 7(3): 504-506.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Roberts, D. W. and Strand, M. A., 1977. Pathogens of medically important arthropods. Suppl. no. 1, Bull. World Health Org. 55: 419 pp.

Source archive URL:
millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens

Source DOI:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Tanada, Y., and Kaya, H. K. 1993. Insect Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego. 666 pp.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Sprague, V. 1977. Annotated List of Species of Microsporidia. pp. 31-334. In Bulla, L.A. and Cheng, T.C. [eds.], Comparative Pathobiology V. 2

Reference URL:
Reynolds, D.G., 1966. Infection of Culex fatigans with a microsporidian. Nature (London). 210: 967.

Source citation:
Weiser, J. and Coluzzi, M., 1972. The microsporidian Plistophora culicis Weiser, 1946, in different mosquito hosts. Folia Parasitol. (Prague) 19: 197-202.

Reference citation:
Sprague, V. 1977. Annotated List of Species of Microsporidia. pp. 31-334. In Bulla, L.A. and Cheng, T.C. [eds.], Comparative Pathobiology V. 2

Reference URL:
Reynolds, D.G., 1966. Infection of Culex fatigans with a microsporidian. Nature (London). 210: 967.

Source citation:
Weiser, J. and Coluzzi, M., 1972. The microsporidian Plistophora culicis Weiser, 1946, in different mosquito hosts. Folia Parasitol. (Prague) 19: 197-202.

Reference citation:
Sprague, V. 1977. Annotated List of Species of Microsporidia. pp. 31-334. In Bulla, L.A. and Cheng, T.C. [eds.], Comparative Pathobiology V. 2

Reference URL:
Reynolds, D.G., 1966. Infection of Culex fatigans with a microsporidian. Nature (London). 210: 967.

Source citation:
Weiser, J. and Coluzzi, M., 1972. The microsporidian Plistophora culicis Weiser, 1946, in different mosquito hosts. Folia Parasitol. (Prague) 19: 197-202.

Reference citation:
Roberts, D. W. and Strand, M. A., 1977. Pathogens of medically important arthropods. Suppl. no. 1, Bull. World Health Org. 55: 419 pp.

Reference URL:
Wallace, F. G., 1966. The trypanosomatid parasites of insects and arachnids. Exp. Parasitol. 18: 124-193.

Source citation:
Patton, W. S., 1912. The development of the parasite of Indian kala-azar. Scientific Memoires by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India. No. 53: 1-38.

Reference citation:
Roberts, D. W. and Strand, M. A., 1977. Pathogens of medically important arthropods. Suppl. no. 1, Bull. World Health Org. 55: 419 pp.

Reference URL:
Wallace, F. G., 1966. The trypanosomatid parasites of insects and arachnids. Exp. Parasitol. 18: 124-193.

Reference citation:
Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
McCray, E. M., Jr.

Reference URL:
and Fay, R. W. 1973. Laboratory studies on a new fungal pathogen of mosquitoes. Mosquito-News. 1973, 33: 1, 54-60

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3 fig.

Reference citation:
Lacey, C.M., Lacey, L.A., and Roberts, D.R., 1988. Route of invasion and histopathology of Metarhizium anisopliae in Culex quinquefasciatus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 52: 108-118.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Kelly, J.F., Anthony, D.W., Dillard, C.R., 1981. A laboratory evaluation of the microsporidian Vavraia culicis as an agent for mosquito control. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 37: 117-122.

Reference URL:
Canning, E. U. 1982. An evaluation of protozoal characteristics in relation to biological control of pests. Parasitology 84: 119-149.

Source citation:
Reynolds, D. G. 1972. Experimental introduction of a microsporidian into a wild population of Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 46: 807-812

Reference citation:
Kelly, J.F., Anthony, D.W., Dillard, C.R., 1981. A laboratory evaluation of the microsporidian Vavraia culicis as an agent for mosquito control. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 37: 117-122.

Reference URL:
Canning, E. U. 1982. An evaluation of protozoal characteristics in relation to biological control of pests. Parasitology 84: 119-149.

Source citation:
Reynolds, D. G. 1972. Experimental introduction of a microsporidian into a wild population of Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 46: 807-812

Reference citation:
Humber, R.A. 1992. Collection of entomopathogenic fungal cultures: catolog of strains, 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. ARS-110. 177pp. (Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, Tower Rd., Ithaca, N. Y. 14853-0331.)

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Davidson, E.W., Singer, S., Briggs, J.D., Pathogenesis of Bacillus sphaericus strain SSII-1 infections in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (=C. pipiens fatigans) larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 25: 179-184.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Couch, J.N., and Bland, C.E. (eds.) The Genus Coelomomyces. New York: Academic Press, 1985.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens/archive/187c16c8e664860d07e20f8a5ce209836e609c0b.zip

Reference citation:
Bai, M.G., Das, P.K., Gajanana, A., and Rajagopalan, P.K., 1979. Host-parasite relationship of Nosema algerae, a parasite of mosquitoes. Indian J. Med. Res. 70: 620-624.

Reference URL:
Maddox, J.V., Alger, N.E., Ahmad, A., and Aslamkhan, M., 1977. The susceptibility of some pakistan mosquitoes to Nosema algerae (Microsporidia). Pakistan J. Zool. 9: 19:22.

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Hazard, E. I., 1975. The use of microsporida (Protozoa) for the control of aquatic insect pests. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-660/3-75-001. pp. 69-81.