Reference citation: Palko, B.J., G.L. Beardsley and W.J. Richards. 1981. Synopsis of the biology of the swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 441/FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 127.
Source citation: Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).
