Double-crested cormorant
(Phalacrocorax auritus)

Animalia / Chordata / Aves / Suliformes / Phalacrocoracidae / Phalacrocorax

Predation Carnivory

Three-spined stickleback
(Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Animalia / Chordata / Actinopterygii / Gasterosteiformes / Gasterosteidae / Gasterosteus

Source: globalbioticinteractions.org

See detail of citations

Source citation:
Intertidal food web manually extracted from Supplementary Data S1 in Dunne, J. A., Maschner, H., Betts, M. W., Huntly, N., Russell, R., Williams, R. J., & Wood, S. A. (2016). The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs. Scientific Reports, 6, 21179. doi:10.1038/srep21179

Source archive URL:
https://zenodo.org/record/3929796/files/globalbioticinteractions/dunne2016SanakIntertidal-v0.2.zip

Source DOI:
10.1038/srep21179

Source citation:
Nearshore foob web manually extracted from Supplementary Data S1 in Dunne, J. A., Maschner, H., Betts, M. W., Huntly, N., Russell, R., Williams, R. J., & Wood, S. A. (2016). The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs. Scientific Reports, 6, 21179. doi:10.1038/srep21179

Source archive URL:
https://zenodo.org/record/3929793/files/globalbioticinteractions/dunne2016SanakNearshore-v0.2.zip

Source DOI:
10.1038/srep21179

Reference citation:
Ainley, D.G., D.W. Anderson and P.R. Kelly. 1981. Feeding ecology of marine cormorants in Southwestern North America. The Condor 83:120-131.

Source citation:
Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sealifebase/archive/d613f898a00ebaf4555eff844a71550435038e81.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The food of nesting double-crested and pelagic cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with notes on feeding ecology. Condor 76(3):346-348.

Source citation:
Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sealifebase/archive/d613f898a00ebaf4555eff844a71550435038e81.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The food of nesting double-crested and pelagic cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with notes on feeding ecology. Condor 76(3):346-348.

Source citation:
Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sealifebase/archive/d613f898a00ebaf4555eff844a71550435038e81.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The Food of Nesting Double-Crested and Pelagic Cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with Notes on Feeding Ecology. Condor 76:346-348.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The Food of Nesting Double-Crested and Pelagic Cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with Notes on Feeding Ecology. Condor 76:346-348.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Bostrom, M. K., O. Ostman, M. A. J. Bergenius and S. Lunneryd. 2012. Comorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69:175-183.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Bostrom, M. K., O. Ostman, M. A. J. Bergenius and S. Lunneryd. 2012. Comorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69:175-183.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase/archive/de2b062bf553c6810839ced1baa3a0baf4d941d3.zip

Reference citation:
Bostrom, M. K., O. Ostman, M. A. J. Bergenius and S. Lunneryd. 2012. Comorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69:175-183.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Bostrom, M. K., O. Ostman, M. A. J. Bergenius and S. Lunneryd. 2012. Comorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69:175-183.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Johnson, J. H., R. M. Ross, R. D. McCullough and A. Mathers. 2010. Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:242-247.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Ca. J. Zool. 61:2733-2739.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The Food of Nesting Double-Crested and Pelagic Cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with Notes on Feeding Ecology. Condor 76:346-348.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

Reference citation:
Robertson, I. 1974. The Food of Nesting Double-Crested and Pelagic Cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with Notes on Feeding Ecology. Condor 76:346-348.

Source citation:
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/lanescher/dietdatabase/archive/1c739f6fab3ef7b74b491995f1349b51339df89f.zip

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