Null
(Phyciodes tharos)

Animalia / Arthropoda / Insecta / Lepidoptera / Nymphalidae / Phyciodes

Mutualism

Smooth ironweed
(Vernonia fasciculata)

Plantae / Tracheophyta / Magnoliopsida / Asterales / Asteraceae / Vernonia

Source: globalbioticinteractions.org

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Cases

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