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Sunflower star
(Pycnopodia helianthoides)

Animalia / Echinodermata / Asteroidea / Forcipulatida / Asteriidae / Pycnopodia

Predation Carnivory

Red sea urchin
(Mesocentrotus franciscanus)

Animalia / Echinodermata / Echinoidea / Camarodonta / Strongylocentrotidae / Mesocentrotus

Cases

Source: globalbioticinteractions.org

See detail of citations

Reference citation:
Byrnes, J. E., J. J. Stachowicz, K. M. Hultgren, A. R. Hughes, S. V. Olyarnik, and C. S. Thornber. 2006. Predator diversity strengthens trophic cascades in kelp forests by modifying herbivore behavior. Ecology Letters 9:61-71.

Source citation:
Southern California Bight Kelp Forest Food Web data provided by Jarrett Byrnes. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02409.x

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/byrnes/archive/bbdd207ba89302311d55afa1118e4f450f90d526.zip

Reference citation:
Mauzey, K. P., C. Birkeland, and P. K. Dayton. 1968. Feeding behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology 49:603-619.

Source citation:
Southern California Bight Kelp Forest Food Web data provided by Jarrett Byrnes. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02409.x

Source archive URL:
https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/byrnes/archive/bbdd207ba89302311d55afa1118e4f450f90d526.zip