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African penguin
(Spheniscus demersus)
Animalia / Chordata / Aves / Sphenisciformes / Spheniscidae / Spheniscus
18
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Interaction
Clear
Amensalism (-/0)
Other (Amensalism)
Biofilms
Other (Biofilms)
Commensalism (+/0)
Detritivory
Dispersal Vector
Scavenging
Symbiosis
Other (Commensalism)
Competition (-/-)
Exploitation
Interference
Allelopathy
Mutual antagonism
Other (Competition)
Domestication (+/+)
Biotechnology
Crops
Food production
Fungi
Livestock
Pet
Other (Domestication)
Microbiota
Animals
Host/Microbe
Microbe/Microbe
Human
Plants
Host/Microbe
Microbe/Microbe
Soil
Other (Microbiota)
Mutualism (+/+)
Friendship
Frugivory
Pollination
Symbiosis
Corals
Ectosymbiosis
Endosymbiosis
Lichens
Mycorrhiza
Rhizobium
Other (Mutualism)
Parasitism (+/-)
Brood parasitism
Disease
Ectoparasitism
Endoparasitism
Entomopathogenic
Galls
Hyperparasitism
Parasitoid
Other (Parasitism)
Predation (+/-)
Carnivory
Fungivory
Herbivory
Other (Predation)
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